Alternative model organisms such as the zebra fish ( Danio rerio), silkworm ( Bombyx mori), tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta), fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster), and nematodes ( Caenorhabditis elegans) ( Browne et al., 2013) are not associated with the same ethical considerations as in the use of higher vertebrates ( Peterson et al., 2008). Insects share some similarities with mammalian processes and possess a basic innate immune system ( Ramarao et al., 2012). Insect models have been shown to be helpful in our understanding of the virulence of bacterial pathogens in humans ( Tsai et al., 2016). –First report of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in response to C. –Novel time-lapse approach to data collection. –Potential novel in vivo model for the study of Clostridium perfringens infection. perfringens strains or as a simple, cheap and rapid in vivo assay in the first stage development of novel therapeutics against anaerobes. mellonella might be a useful in vivo model of infection and convenient as a pre-screening assay for virulence of C. Efficacy of antibiotic therapy (penicillin G, bacitracin, neomycin, and tetracycline) administered parenterally to some extent correlates with that of in vitro analysis.
perfringens strains activated the melanisation pathway resulting in melanin deposition but no increase in enzyme activity was observed. perfringens isolates and the reference strain ATCC 13124 was shown to be avirulent. mellonella although potency varies dramatically between C. Phenoloxidase enzyme activity was investigated as a marker for immune response and tissue burden assessed by histopathological techniques. perfringens isolates from various sources were observed over 72 h and dose response data obtained. Mortality and morbidity rates of larvae challenged with 10 5 CFU of C. perfringens strains and its suitability for studying novel treatment strategies by an improved time-lapse approach to data collection. mellonella larvae can be used to study the virulence of C. This study aims to establish to what extent G. Wax moth larvae ( Galleria mellonella) have emerged as a viable alternative to other models of infection since they are economic, survive at 37☌ and require no specialist equipment.
Research progress into mechanisms of the anaerobe Clostridium perfringens and associated diseases has been frustrated by the lack of reliable infection models.
1School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.Sammy Kay 1,2 Joseph Edwards 1,2 Joseph Brown 2 Ronald Dixon 1*
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